This publication builds on prior research at the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa in support of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and furthers the Commission’s contribution to the dialogue on investment initiated in 2013 by African Ministers of Trade. It draws on interdisciplinary research, including economic, legal, and policy analysis, to provide insights and policy options for building a conducive environment for productive investment that unleashes dynamic effects of improved competitiveness, innovation, and digitalization across the continental market. The study is prepared against the backdrop of Phase II negotiations of the AfCFTA which cover protocols on investment, competition, and intellectual property and Phase III negotiations on an e-commerce protocol.