Responsible investment fuels structural transformation and socioeconomic development (chapter 2). In Africa, foreign direct investment (FDI) has become increasingly important for development, given insufficient private domestic investment, unpredictable official development assistance and volatile portfolio investment. The long-term prospects of a continental market of 1.2 billion people in the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) have reinforced the continent’s attractiveness as an investment destination. Recognizing these facts, African policymakers have endeavoured to promote inward investments through changes in domestic regulations and international agreements.