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Chapter
ECA comming to Birth

On 29 April 1958, the United Nations Economic and Social Council convened in New York for its twenty-fifth session to deliberate on a favourable consideration to supporting African Governments, in their efforts to raise their economic activity, bettering the living standards of their citizens and maintaining the economic relations of the countries both among themselves and with the rest of the world. During that time, most African countries were still under colonial rule but on the verge of gaining independence. In that meeting, the terms of reference of the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) were established under resolution 671A (XXV) and the ECA was officially born. This came after the Council considered views expressed by the already independent African countries – Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Liberia, Morocco, the Sudan and Tunisia – whose views were supported by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) and after a protracted campaign in the General Assembly.

A decade earlier during the fourth session of the Economic and Social Council in 1947, an Indian delegate introduced a draft resolution with the first formal initiative to establish a special Economic Commission for North Africa and Ethiopia, marking the day when the first traceable bid for the initiative was made. The Indian proposal was rebuffed because of its limited geographical scope.

Key figures

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Secretary-General of the United Nations, Dag Hammarskjöld, greeting Emperor Haile Selassie I in Addis Ababa, 29 December 1958, ahead of the inaugural session of the Economic Commission for Africa. At centre back is the first ECA Executive Secretary, Mekki Abbas.
FIRST SESSION OPENS: Emperor Haile Selassie I delivering his speech to open the first session of the Economic Commission for Africa in the parliament building in Addis Ababa, 29 December 1958.
Resolution 671A (XXV-1) adopted by the Economic and Social Council at its 1017th meeting held on 29 April 1958 and amended by the Council at its twenty-sixth session.
The second ECA Executive Secretary, Robert K.A Gardiner of Ghana, demonstrating the model of the ECA Building to Emperor Haile Selassie I.
Memorandum of understanding-Ethiopia- United Nations: The memorandum of understanding agreement signed between ECA and the Ethiopian Government on 18 June 1958 regarding the establishment of the Commission’s Headquarters in the country’s capital Addis Ababa.
Subregional presence: Official opening of the ECA Subregional Office for Central Africa (SRO-CA), Léopoldville, Democratic Republic of the Congo on16 April 1966. Shown cutting the symbolic ribbon is President, Mobutu Sese Seko.
Secretary-General, Dag Hammarskjöld, inspecting the Guard of Honour at the Addis Ababa Airport, 28 December 1958, ahead of the inaugural session of the Economic Commission for Africa, which was held on 29 December 1958.